绿帽社

In a plaintive and anxious song by Israeli singer Ehud Banai called (鈥淎nswer Me鈥�), the challenge of communicating with God is as an increasingly panicked monologue by a man waiting for a voice he鈥檚 sure is on the other end of the phone line: 

You鈥檙e breaking up鈥攖here鈥檚 background noise鈥攊t鈥檚 like the ocean.
I guess there鈥檚 no reception here鈥攜ou鈥檝e disappeared.
I鈥檓 still waiting on the line for my turn.
I鈥檓 holding the connection, in case you return…
Are you still with me?
Answer me.

Banai鈥檚 vision comes to mind as I read in this week鈥檚 portion:

When Moses went into the Tent of Meeting to speak with Him, he would hear the Voice addressing him from above the cover that was on top of the Ark of the Covenant鈥攆rom between the two keruvim; thus He spoke to him. (Num. 7:89)

The two keruvim were the sphinx-like figures fixed to the lid of the Ark; their extended wings formed a canopy beneath which God鈥檚 presence was understood to hover. Our verse identifies the space just below the two wings as the place from which God鈥檚 voice emanated. In a teaching recorded in Bemidbar Rabbah 14:22, Rabbi Akiva emphasizes the specificity of this location. He explains that the voice was not audible from throughout the Tent, nor even from the full surface area of the Ark鈥檚 lid, but only from that exact spot beneath the wings.

On the one hand, Numbers 7:89 suggests easy communication between Moses and God, as if God maintained office hours鈥攖he very opposite of Banai鈥檚 song. Indeed, it seems the model of communication that Banai craves.

On the other hand, our verse suggests that, in order to converse with God, Moses could stand in only one spot. That is, Moses had severely limited means of communication with God.

Rashi, drawing on the Sifra, addresses a contradiction, between two other verses, and explains how Numbers 7:89 resolves it:

[When there are] two contradictory verses, a third one comes to reconcile them. One verse says, 鈥淭he Lord spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting鈥� (Lev. 1:1), which implies outside the curtain, whereas another verse says, 鈥渁nd speak to you from above the Ark cover鈥� (Exod. 25:22) [which is on the interior, behind the curtain]. Our verse comes to reconcile them: Moses came into the Tent of Meeting, and there he would hear the voice [of God] coming from [between the keruvim], above the Ark cover.

Like a beam of light redirected by a mirror inside a microscope, God鈥檚 voice would descend from heaven and be redirected from beneath the keruvim to Moses standing in the outer Tent of Meeting.

But additional complications emerge upon closer reading. In Bemidbar Rabbah 14:19 we learn:

Our verse [Num. 7:89] says, 鈥淲hen Moses went into the Tent of Meeting to speak with Him,鈥� but in Exodus 40:35 it says, 鈥淢oses could not enter the Tent of Meeting, because the cloud had settled upon it and the presence of the Lord filled the Tabernacle.鈥�

Bemidbar Rabbah resolves the contradiction with the phrase 鈥渂ecause the cloud had settled upon it.鈥� When the cloud鈥攖hat is, the cloud signifying God鈥檚 presence鈥攈ad settled upon the Tent, Moses could not enter. But once the cloud was lifted, Moses would go in and speak with God.

The presence or absence of the cloud is complex. Bemidbar Rabbah also teaches that when Moses could not enter, it was because it would have been dangerous to do so. The cloud signaled that, in God鈥檚 anger, He had unleashed destructive forces; Moses could not safely enter. With the retreat of the cloud, the threat retreated and Moses was free to seek God鈥檚 counsel.

And then there is the nature of the communication between God and Moses. Who was talking? Our verse tells that Moses went to the Tent 鈥渢o speak with God鈥� (诇讚讘专 注诪讜, ledaber imo). Up to this point, we understand that both Moses and God will speak. But the verse says that Moses would hear God鈥檚 voice (诪讚旨讘旨专, middabber) from atop the Ark. This unusual verb is reflexive, indicating that what Moses hears is not God speaking to him but God speaking to Godself. Rashi explains that Moses walking up to the Tent and having a conversation with God would suggest too much intimacy. In this telling, we don鈥檛 have a model of the divine teacher and his disciple during office hours, but rather of the supplicant-seeker receiving didactic instruction from the barely approachable Master.

In contrast, a wonderful by Gilad Sasson of Bar-Ilan University explores a later tier of commentaries that show God lovingly inviting Moses into direct communication inside the cloud in the Tent. (鈥�鈥�, Daf Shevui #1173, Faculty of 绿帽社 Studies of Bar-Ilan University) Deep study and open-hearted prayer open these lines of communication for some, while being out in nature or a pervasive sense of God鈥檚 love open them for others. But the notion of communication with God being fraught, limited, and perhaps one-sided better describes the experience of many. That鈥檚 the kind of experience expressed in Ehud Banai鈥檚 song.

To facilitate our own communication with God, we might start by paying attention to how Moses came to have a place for such communication. Remember that the Tabernacle was built by human hands. And it was built because God wanted it. God sought a place to be present among the people whose lives and destinies He had covenanted, at Sinai, to journey through with them. Neither a conversation with nor direct guidance from God can be had easily. But that sweet spot beneath the wings of the keruvim was fashioned by people, and at God鈥檚 direction. The confidence that God seeks to be in communication with us and that we are capable of fashioning opportunities for connection can give us cause to hope. If we pay attention, perhaps we can begin by hearing and learning from God 尘颈诲诲补产产别谤鈥�God speaking of our lives to Godself.

The publication and distribution of the JTS Commentary are made possible by a generous grant from Rita Dee and Harold (z”l) Hassenfeld.